Seismic Swarm S20250304.1 Near Hebgen Lake, Montana
A seismic swarm designated S20250304.1 was recorded 3 km east-southeast of Hebgen Lake Estates, Montana. The sequence began at 02:21 on 4 March 2025 and concluded at 14:34 the same day, encompassing 25 earthquakes over 12 hours and 13 minutes. Event magnitudes ranged from -1.1 to 0.5, with focal depths between 2 km and 9 km. The initial event registered magnitude 0.5 at 8 km depth, while later activity included several events near magnitude -1.0 at shallower depths around 2–3 km.
Hebgen Lake lies within the Intermountain Seismic Belt, a zone of active crustal extension that extends from northern Utah through western Montana. The area is influenced by both tectonic faulting along the Hebgen Lake fault and magmatic processes associated with the nearby Yellowstone volcanic system. Historical deformation and seismicity reflect ongoing adjustments along normal faults that accommodate regional extension.
Earthquake swarms are recurrent in this setting. Since 1 January 2000, 88 swarms have been documented in the region. Annual counts include eight swarms in 2000, seven each in 2013 and 2022, and six each in 2008 and 2014. Lower activity occurred in several years, with only one swarm recorded in 2005, 2010, 2011, and 2016. These episodes typically consist of numerous small-magnitude events clustered in time and space, consistent with fluid migration or stress triggering along pre-existing faults.
The March 2025 swarm fits this established pattern. Most events remained below magnitude 0.0, and the majority occurred at depths of 5–8 km. Shallower events near 2 km depth appeared intermittently, particularly in the later portion of the sequence. No single dominant mainshock was observed; instead, energy release was distributed across many low-magnitude earthquakes.
Such swarms contribute to the long-term seismic hazard assessment of the Hebgen Lake–Yellowstone region. Continued monitoring helps distinguish between purely tectonic sequences and those potentially linked to deeper hydrothermal or magmatic processes.
References
- U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program reports on the Intermountain Seismic Belt and Hebgen Lake fault zone.
- SeismoSight internal swarm classification database for event S20250304.1 parameters and historical swarm statistics since 2000.