Seismic Swarm S20250518.1 in Western Turkey: Analysis and Regional Context
Western Turkey lies within one of the most seismically active zones in the Mediterranean region, shaped by complex interactions among the Eurasian, African, and Arabian tectonic plates. The area forms part of the Aegean extensional province, where north-south stretching results from slab rollback along the Hellenic subduction zone to the south and westward extrusion of the Anatolian plate along the North Anatolian Fault. This tectonic setting produces frequent shallow crustal earthquakes, with many events occurring at depths of 5–15 km.
The region has a well-documented history of both large destructive earthquakes and episodic earthquake swarms. Instrumental records since 2000 indicate at least ten swarms in Western Turkey, with notable clusters in 2009, 2011 (four events), 2012 (three events), and two in 2025. These swarms typically involve low-to-moderate magnitude events occurring in rapid succession without a single dominant mainshock, often linked to fluid migration or localized stress adjustments within fault networks such as the Gediz and Simav grabens.
Swarm S20250518.1 began at 01:14 on 18 May 2025 and concluded at 20:14 on 20 May 2025, spanning 66 hours and 59 minutes. During this interval, 53 earthquakes were recorded. Magnitudes ranged from 0.9 to 3.6, with the largest event (M 3.6) occurring at 20:54 on 18 May at a depth of 13 km. Depths throughout the swarm varied between 4 km and 14 km, consistent with shallow crustal activity typical of the Aegean extensional regime. The sequence showed temporal clustering, with elevated rates on 18 May evening and a gradual decline by 20 May.
Such swarms are common in Western Turkey and rarely produce significant damage when magnitudes remain below 4.0. They provide valuable data for understanding fault interactions and can serve as indicators of evolving stress conditions. Continued monitoring by national networks remains essential for assessing any potential escalation.
References
- Turkish Earthquake Catalog (AFAD)
- USGS Earthquake Hazards Program regional reports
- Active tectonics of the Aegean region, Journal of Geophysical Research (updated syntheses through 2024)