Seismic Swarm S20251121.1 in Western Turkey: Geological Context and Event Analysis
Western Turkey occupies a tectonically complex zone shaped by the interaction of the Eurasian, African, and Arabian plates. The region experiences active extension within the Aegean domain, driven by rollback of the Hellenic slab and westward extrusion of Anatolia along the North Anatolian Fault. These processes produce frequent normal and strike-slip faulting, resulting in elevated seismicity across the Menderes Massif and surrounding grabens.
Seismic swarms represent clusters of earthquakes without a single dominant mainshock, often linked to fluid migration or aseismic slip along faults. Swarm S20251121.1 occurred in this setting, registering 76 events over 105 hours and 50 minutes from 23:54 on 20 November 2025 to 09:44 on 25 November 2025.
Magnitudes remained predominantly low, with the largest event reaching 3.7 at a depth of 5 km on 21 November. Depths ranged from 4 km to 28 km, concentrating between 5 km and 15 km and indicating shallow crustal activity typical of the extensional regime. A notable sequence of events above magnitude 2.0 clustered on 21 November between 18:22 and 21:34, followed by additional activity through 24 November.
Historical records maintained by SeismoSight document 17 swarms in the same area since 1 January 2000. These occurred in 2009 (1 swarm), 2011 (4 swarms), 2012 (3 swarms), and 2025 (9 swarms). The elevated count in 2025 aligns with ongoing monitoring of microseismic sequences in the western Anatolian extensional province.
Such swarms contribute to long-term strain release without producing destructive shaking, consistent with the region's background seismicity patterns. Continued observation supports improved understanding of fault behavior in this rapidly deforming zone.
References
- SeismoSight internal swarm classification database (S20251121.1 parameters and historical statistics).
- United States Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program: tectonic summaries for Turkey.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, reviews on Aegean extensional tectonics (updated through 2024).