Seismic Swarm VS20221203.1: Analysis of Microearthquake Activity Near Beluga, Alaska
A seismic swarm designated VS20221203.1 was recorded 65 km west-northwest of Beluga, Alaska, within the tectonically active Cook Inlet region. The sequence began at 20:40 on 2 December 2022 and concluded at 13:33 on 4 December 2022, spanning 40 hours and 52 minutes. During this interval, 40 earthquakes were detected, with the majority registering negative or near-zero magnitudes indicative of microseismic events.
The events clustered tightly in both time and space. Initial activity on 2 December included a magnitude -0.6 quake at 2 km depth. On 3 December, the swarm intensified with repeated occurrences between 02:06 and 03:08, featuring magnitudes ranging from -0.9 to 1.4 and depths fluctuating between -3 km and 8 km. Notable events included a magnitude 1.0 at 6 km depth at 02:08 and a magnitude 1.4 at 7 km depth at 02:33. Activity tapered on 4 December, with the final event at magnitude -0.4 and -2 km depth. Depths showed variability, including apparent negative values likely reflecting location uncertainties in shallow crustal settings.
The Cook Inlet basin lies above the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone, where the Pacific Plate converges with the North American Plate at rates exceeding 6 cm per year. This tectonic regime produces frequent crustal and intraslab seismicity, with historical events including the great 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake. The Beluga area experiences moderate background seismicity driven by plate interface locking and upper-plate faulting.
Historical records indicate swarm-type sequences are uncommon in this sector. Since 1 January 2000, only one prior swarm has been documented, occurring in 2021. The VS20221203.1 sequence aligns with patterns of episodic, low-magnitude unrest potentially linked to fluid migration or localized stress adjustments along subsidiary faults.
Such swarms provide valuable data for refining seismic hazard models in south-central Alaska, where energy infrastructure and population centers coexist with active tectonics. Continued monitoring supports improved understanding of precursory signals in subduction-related environments.
References SeismoSight internal classification records for swarm VS20221203.1 USGS Earthquake Hazards Program regional tectonic summaries Alaska Earthquake Center historical seismicity reports