Seismic Swarm S20040108.1 Near Cayucos, California
A notable earthquake swarm designated S20040108.1 occurred 6 km north-northeast of Cayucos in San Luis Obispo County, California. The sequence began at 17:27 on 7 January 2004 and concluded at 20:07 on 18 January 2004, spanning 266 hours and 39 minutes. During this period, 217 earthquakes were recorded, providing valuable data on local seismic patterns.
Analysis of the first 100 events reveals predominantly shallow focal depths between 0 and 8 km, with the majority clustered between 2 and 6 km. Magnitudes ranged from 0.8 to 3.5, indicating low-to-moderate energy release typical of swarm activity rather than a mainshock-aftershock sequence. The largest event, magnitude 3.5, occurred on 10 January at a depth of 2 km. Smaller events (magnitudes 1.0–2.0) dominated the catalog, comprising over 70 percent of the initial activity. Temporal distribution showed peak rates on 7–8 January and again around 10 January, with events occurring at irregular intervals throughout the swarm duration.
The Cayucos region lies within the central California coastal zone, part of the broader Pacific-North American plate boundary. This area experiences distributed deformation influenced by the San Andreas Fault system to the east and offshore structures such as the Hosgri Fault Zone. The local geology features a mix of Franciscan Complex basement rocks, sedimentary units of the Monterey and Paso Robles Formations, and Quaternary marine terraces. Active faulting in the vicinity includes northwest-trending strike-slip and reverse faults that accommodate regional transpression.
Seismic swarms have been documented in this portion of the coast since at least the early 2000s. Records indicate four such swarms occurred after 1 January 2000, with the initial episode taking place in 2003. These sequences often reflect fluid migration or aseismic slip along minor faults rather than large-scale tectonic loading. The 2004 swarm's shallow depths align with known seismogenic zones in the region, where brittle failure occurs within the upper crust.
Ongoing monitoring by regional networks continues to refine understanding of these episodic events and their relationship to larger structures. Such data contribute to improved hazard assessment for coastal communities between Morro Bay and Cambria.
References
USGS Earthquake Catalog California Geological Survey Regional Fault Maps Southern California Seismic Network Reports