Seismic Swarm S20200502.3 Near Tallaboa, Puerto Rico: Event Analysis and Regional Context
Seismic swarm S20200502.3 was recorded south of Tallaboa in Puerto Rico, beginning at 14:19 on 1 May 2020 and concluding at 08:55 on 4 May 2020. Over 66 hours and 36 minutes, the sequence comprised 36 earthquakes. The events clustered tightly in both space and time, with epicenters located approximately 4 km south of Tallaboa at depths ranging from 4 km to 17 km.
The swarm featured a mainshock of magnitude 5.4 at 11:13 on 2 May 2020, occurring at a depth of 9 km. This event was followed within minutes by several aftershocks, including magnitudes 3.5, 4.6, and 3.3. Subsequent activity included multiple events between magnitudes 2.1 and 3.9 throughout 2 May, with depths predominantly between 6 km and 10 km. On 3 May, recorded magnitudes remained below 3.6, and depths extended slightly deeper on average. The final event, magnitude 2.3 at 8 km depth, marked the swarm's end on 4 May.
This sequence illustrates typical swarm characteristics: a rapid onset, high event rate over a short period, and absence of a single dominant aftershock decay pattern. The spatial concentration near the south coast aligns with known zones of crustal deformation in southern Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rico occupies a tectonically active position at the boundary between the North American and Caribbean plates. The island experiences seismicity driven by oblique convergence, including subduction along the Puerto Rico Trench to the north and transpressional faulting associated with the Muertos Trough and Great Southern Puerto Rico Fault Zone to the south. Historical records document recurrent moderate earthquakes, with the 2020 sequence occurring within a region that has produced multiple swarms since 2000. Only three such swarms have been identified in this period, occurring in 2018, 2019, and 2020.
The 2020 activity reflects ongoing strain accumulation and release along local fault systems. Depths recorded in the swarm are consistent with shallow crustal faulting typical of the southern Puerto Rico seismic belt. Such events contribute to the broader understanding of episodic seismic release in the northeastern Caribbean, where both plate-boundary and intraplate sources can generate felt shaking.
References
USGS Earthquake Catalog
Puerto Rico Seismic Network Annual Reports
Caribbean Tectonic Framework Studies (USGS Professional Papers)