Seismic Swarm S20220424.1: Analysis of Earthquake Activity Near Indios, Puerto Rico
Seismic swarm S20220424.1 was recorded in the region 6 km SSW of Indios, Puerto Rico. The sequence began at 10:11 on 23 April 2022 and concluded at 21:26 on 10 May 2022, spanning 419 hours and 15 minutes. During this interval, a total of 189 earthquakes were registered. Puerto Rico lies at the northeastern edge of the Caribbean plate, where it interacts with the North American plate along the Puerto Rico Trench. This tectonic setting produces frequent seismic activity, including both individual events and clustered swarms. The island's geology features a complex assemblage of volcanic, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks shaped by millions of years of plate convergence and associated deformation. Analysis of the first 100 events reveals a typical swarm pattern dominated by low-to-moderate magnitudes. The recorded events ranged from magnitude 1.3 to 3.4, with the majority falling between 1.7 and 2.8. Depths were generally shallow, concentrated between 7 km and 18 km, consistent with crustal seismicity in the overriding Caribbean plate. The highest magnitude event (3.4) occurred early in the sequence on 23 April at a depth of 10 km. Subsequent activity showed no clear migration in depth or epicenter, indicating a localized source volume. Temporal distribution indicates peak activity on 23 and 24 April, followed by a gradual decline through early May. Many events clustered within short time windows, a hallmark of swarm behavior driven by fluid migration or aseismic slip rather than a single mainshock-aftershock sequence. Since 1 January 2000, Puerto Rico has experienced 13 documented swarms. These occurred in the following yearly counts: one in 2018, one in 2019, five in 2020, four in 2021, and two in 2022. This distribution suggests episodic swarm activity superimposed on the region's background seismicity. The swarm data originate from SeismoSight internal classification. Geological context is drawn from established tectonic studies of the northeastern Caribbean.
References
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program reports on Puerto Rico seismicity.
SeismoSight internal swarm catalog.