Seismic Swarm S20230315.1: Analysis of Activity Near Fuig, Puerto Rico
Seismic swarm S20230315.1 was recorded in southwestern Puerto Rico, centered 5 km west-southwest of Fuig. The sequence began at 13:11 on 14 March 2023 and concluded at 22:16 on 20 March 2023, spanning 153 hours and 4 minutes. During this period, 92 earthquakes were detected.
The events exhibited magnitudes predominantly between 1.3 and 4.2, with the majority falling in the 2.0–2.7 range. Depths varied from 2 km to 43 km, though most clustered between 5 km and 10 km, indicating shallow crustal activity. A notable event of magnitude 4.2 occurred at 07:51 on 15 March at a depth of 7 km, accompanied by several events above magnitude 3.0 on the same day. Activity peaked on 15 March before gradually declining through 20 March.
Puerto Rico occupies a tectonically active zone at the boundary between the North American and Caribbean plates. This setting produces frequent seismic swarms due to oblique convergence, strike-slip faulting, and subduction-related processes along the Puerto Rico Trench. The island's historical seismicity includes destructive events such as the 1918 magnitude 7.1 earthquake and the 2020 southwestern Puerto Rico sequence, underscoring the region's persistent earthquake hazard.
Statistical context from 2000 onward shows 15 documented swarms in Puerto Rico. Yearly distribution includes one swarm each in 2018 and 2019, five in 2020, four in 2021, and four in 2022. Swarm S20230315.1 aligns with this pattern of episodic, clustered seismicity rather than isolated mainshock-aftershock sequences.
The provided event parameters reveal a typical swarm signature: rapid onset, high event rate over several days, and absence of a single dominant mainshock. Shallow depths and moderate magnitudes suggest activation of local fault networks without significant surface rupture potential.
References
USGS Earthquake Catalog
Puerto Rico Seismic Network historical records
Caribbean tectonic framework summaries from peer-reviewed geophysical literature